{"title":"Plant Substrates","description":"Good plant substrates are very porous and allow the plants roots to feed. Plant substrate is best when you are using live plants.","products":[{"product_id":"sera-floredepot","title":"Sera Floredepot","description":"\u003cp\u003eSera floredepot is placed underneath the actual bottom ground (sand, gravel) when setting up the aquarium.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe balanced blend of sand, peat, essential nutrients and trace elements allows plants to grow on quickly. Also, the plants are supplied with nutrients during the first phase (4 - 6 weeks).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe formation of strong roots is supported by the special structure of the bottom ground.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sera","offers":[{"title":"5.2 lb.","offer_id":46654113775833,"sku":"BJ-19-04-033787","price":13.49,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10.4 lb.","offer_id":48878166573273,"sku":"BF-16-05-033800","price":25.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/400194203378744121INTserafloredepot24kgbeuteltif.png?v=1748270048"},{"product_id":"fluval-plant-shrimp-stratum","title":"Fluval Plant \u0026 Shrimp Stratum","description":"\u003cp\u003eCollected from the mineral rich foothills of the famous Mont Aso Volcano in Japan.\u003cbr\u003eFluval Stratum is the ideal substrate for stimulating the growth of aquatic plants in freshwater aquariums. Plant roots easily penetrate and spread throughout the substrate, allowing plants to obtain a variety of key, readily available nutrients that will make them flourish.\u003cbr\u003eThe addition of FLUVAL PLANT MICRO NUTRIENTS will ensure a full complement of essential macro and micro nutrients. The substrate's light, non-compacting, porous structure is also highly beneficial to nitrifying bacteria, which rapidly colonize the vast porous surface, providing optimal water quality for plants.\u003cbr\u003eFluval Stratum's inherent properties will help support a neutral to slightly acidic pH, ideal for most plant species and species of tropical fish or shrimp normally kept in planted aquariums. Fluval Stratum also provides new born shrimp with the ideal refuge, allowing them to escape predation until they are large enough to emerge.\u003cbr\u003eThis highly attractive substrate will not discolor water and helps control organic discoloration usually present when natural driftwood is used.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Features :\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMineral Rich Volcanic Soil\u003cbr\u003eStimulates Strong Plant Growth\u003cbr\u003ePromotes Neutral to Mildly Acidic pH\u003cbr\u003eFor Plants or Shrimp\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Rolf Hagen","offers":[{"title":"4.4 lb","offer_id":19328746422329,"sku":"BE-16-01-12693","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"8.8 lb","offer_id":19328746455097,"sku":"BE-16-01-12694","price":27.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"17.6 lb","offer_id":19328746487865,"sku":"BE-16-01-12695","price":50.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/Fluval-12693-Stratum-2kg-A-Int.jpg?v=1570190529"},{"product_id":"carib-sea-samurai-soil-9-lb","title":"CaribSea Samurai Soil 9 lb.","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"uabb-infobox-text-wrap\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"uabb-infobox-text uabb-text-editor\"\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe ideal substrate for shrimp and planted aquaria\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis unique, uniformly graded material fits the pH and mineral requirements of the most sensitive freshwater fauna and flora, without the muddy texture and crumbling often seen with other brands.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis complete substrate eco-system is infused with mycorrhizal fungi for enhanced root development, and each package contains a dose of biologicals for a faster and more thorough cycle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Carib Sea","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":19575736336441,"sku":"BB-28-01-007629","price":30.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/Samurai-Soil_1140-x-760.jpg?v=1570215691"},{"product_id":"seachem-flourite-15-4-lb-bag","title":"Seachem Flourite Planted Aquarium Gravel","description":"Flourite is a specially fracted stable porous clay gravel for the natural planted aquarium. Its appearance is best suited to planted aquaria, but may be used in any freshwater aquarium environment. Flourite is most effective when used alone as an integral substrate bed, but it may be mixed with other gravels. Gravel modifiers such as laterite are not necessary. Flourite is not chemically coated or treated and will not alter the pH of the water. Flourite is good for the life of the aquarium and need not be replaced.\u003cbr\u003eSet-up\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough it is pre-washed, because Flourite is a natural product, it may become dusty in transit and require rinsing before use to remove any residual dust.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen adding water to aquarium, fill slowly to avoid disturbing Flourite substrate bed. Place a bowl in the aquarium and add water directly to the bowl, allowing water to overflow softly on to the gravel bed. Initial cloudiness is normal. To remove cloudiness, use mechanical filtration (such as filter floss). Use Clarity™ to accelerate clearing.","brand":"Seachem","offers":[{"title":"7.7 lb. Bag","offer_id":46559389319385,"sku":"BG-15-04-049306","price":13.09,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15.4 lb. Bag","offer_id":46559335252185,"sku":"BE-10-01-495","price":25.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/0495-Flourite-7-kg.png?v=1570226735"},{"product_id":"seachem-flourite-black-15-4-lb-bag","title":"Seachem Flourite Black Planted Aquarium Gravel","description":"Flourite Black is a specially fracted stable porous clay gravel for the natural planted aquarium. Its appearance is best suited to planted aquaria, but may be used in any freshwater aquarium environment. Flourite Black is most effective when used alone as an integral substrate bed, but it may be mixed with other gravels. Gravel modifiers such as laterite are not necessary. Flourite Black is not chemically coated or treated and will not alter the pH of the water. Flourite Black is good for the life of the aquarium and need not be replaced.\u003cbr\u003eSet-up\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough it is pre-washed, because Flourite Black is a natural product, it may become dusty in transit and require rinsing before use to remove any residual dust.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen adding water to aquarium, fill slowly to avoid disturbing Flourite Black substrate bed. Place a bowl in the aquarium and add water directly to the bowl, allowing water to overflow softly on to the gravel bed. Initial cloudiness is normal. To remove cloudiness, use mechanical filtration (such as filter floss). Use Clarity to accelerate clearing.","brand":"Seachem","offers":[{"title":"7.7 lb. Bag","offer_id":45200081486041,"sku":"BJ-21-02-372305","price":17.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15.4 lb. Bag","offer_id":45200069099737,"sku":"BE-10-01-3725","price":29.79,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/3725-Flourite-Black-7-kg.png?v=1570226735"},{"product_id":"seachem-flourite-black-sand-15-4-lb-bag","title":"Seachem Flourite Black Planted Aquarium Sand","description":"Flourite Black Sand is a specially fracted stable porous clay gravel for the natural planted aquarium. Its appearance is best suited to planted aquaria, but may be used in any freshwater aquarium environment. Flourite Black Sand is most effective when used alone as an integral substrate bed, but it may be mixed with other gravels. Gravel modifiers such as laterite are not necessary. Flourite Black Sand is not chemically coated or treated and will not alter the pH of the water. Flourite Black Sand is good for the life of the aquarium and need not be replaced.\u003cbr\u003eSet-up\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough it is pre-washed, because Flourite Black Sand is a natural product, it may become dusty in transit and require rinsing before use to remove any residual dust.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen adding water to aquarium, fill slowly to avoid disturbing Flourite Black Sand substrate bed. Place a bowl in the aquarium and add water directly to the bowl, allowing water to overflow softly on to the gravel bed. Initial cloudiness is normal. To remove cloudiness, use mechanical filtration (such as filter floss). Use Clarity™ to accelerate clearing.","brand":"Seachem","offers":[{"title":"7.7 lb. Bag","offer_id":45199938978009,"sku":"BJ-21-02-352307","price":17.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15.4 lb Bag","offer_id":45199939010777,"sku":"BE-10-01-3525","price":29.79,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/3525-Flourite-Black-Sand-7-kg.png?v=1570226735"},{"product_id":"seachem-flourite-dark-15-4-lb-bag","title":"Seachem Flourite Dark Planted Aquarium Gravel","description":"Flourite Dark is a specially fracted stable porous clay gravel for the natural planted aquarium. Its appearance is best suited to planted aquaria, but may be used in any freshwater aquarium environment. Flourite Dark is most effective when used alone as an integral substrate bed, but it may be mixed with other gravels. Gravel modifiers such as laterite are not necessary. Flourite Dark is not chemically coated or treated and will not alter the pH of the water. Flourite Dark is good for the life of the aquarium and need not be replaced.\u003cbr\u003eSet-up\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough it is pre-washed, because Flourite Dark is a natural product, it may become dusty in transit and require rinsing before use to remove any residual dust.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen adding water to aquarium, fill slowly to avoid disturbing Flourite Dark substrate bed. Place a bowl in the aquarium and add water directly to the bowl, allowing water to overflow softly on to the gravel bed. Initial cloudiness is normal. To remove cloudiness, use mechanical filtration (such as filter floss). Use Clarity to accelerate clearing.","brand":"Seachem","offers":[{"title":"7.7 lb. Bag","offer_id":46559442305241,"sku":"BG-15-04-373302","price":12.49,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15.4 lb. Bag","offer_id":46559437160665,"sku":"BE-08-01-3735","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/3735-Flourite-Dark-7-kg.png?v=1570226735"},{"product_id":"seachem-flourite-red-15-4-lb-bag","title":"Seachem Flourite Red Planted Aquarium Gravel","description":"Flourite Red is a specially fracted stable porous clay gravel for the natural planted aquarium. Its appearance is best suited to planted aquaria, but may be used in any freshwater aquarium environment. Flourite Red is most effective when used alone as an integral substrate bed, but it may be mixed with other gravels. Gravel modifiers such as laterite are not necessary. Flourite Red is not chemically coated or treated and will not alter the pH of the water. Flourite Red is good for the life of the aquarium and need not be replaced.\u003cbr\u003eSet-up\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough it is pre-washed, because Flourite Red is a natural product, it may become dusty in transit and require rinsing before use to remove any residual dust.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen adding water to aquarium, fill slowly to avoid disturbing Flourite Red substrate bed. Place a bowl in the aquarium and add water directly to the bowl, allowing water to overflow softly on to the gravel bed. Initial cloudiness is normal. To remove cloudiness, use mechanical filtration (such as filter floss). Use Clarity to accelerate clearing.","brand":"Seachem","offers":[{"title":"7.7 lb. Bag","offer_id":46559419039961,"sku":"BG-15-04-371308","price":13.09,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15.4 lb. Bag","offer_id":46559402098905,"sku":"BE-12-01-371","price":25.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/3715-Flourite-Red-7-kg.png?v=1570226736"},{"product_id":"eco-complete-plant-substrate-black-20-lb","title":"Eco Complete Plant Substrate Black 20 lb.","description":"CaribSea's Eco-Complete Planted Aquarium Substrate is mineralogically complete! It contains iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, and over 25 other elements to nourish your aquatic plants. Eco-Complete Planted Aquarium Substrate contains all the mineral nutrients needed for luxuriant aquatic plant growth without nuisance algae. Iron rich Eco-Complete eliminates the need for laterite. Nitrate and carbonate free, it will not increase pH or carbonate hardness in the long term. No artificial dyes, paints, or chemical coatings. Eco-Complete contains live Heterotrophic bacteria to rapidly convert fish waste into natural food for your aquatic plants. It establishes a natural biological balance which makes cycling a new aquarium faster and safer. Eco-Complete is packed in Liquid Amazon buffered \"Black Water\" solution for immediate organic water conditioning. Unsurpassed macroporosity for healthy roots and bacterial efficiency. You would have to buy 4 bags of ordinary gravel to equal the surface area of this one bag of Eco-Complete Planted Aquarium Substrate!","brand":"Carib Sea","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":19729746886713,"sku":"BE-06-01-00770","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/00770.jpg?v=1570229954"},{"product_id":"eco-complete-plant-substrate-red-20-lb","title":"Eco Complete Plant Substrate Red 20 lb.","description":"CaribSea's Eco-Complete Planted Aquarium Substrate is mineralogically complete! It contains iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, and over 25 other elements to nourish your aquatic plants. Eco-Complete Planted Aquarium Substrate contains all the mineral nutrients needed for luxuriant aquatic plant growth without nuisance algae. Iron rich Eco-Complete eliminates the need for laterite. Nitrate and carbonate free, it will not increase pH or carbonate hardness in the long term. No artificial dyes, paints, or chemical coatings. Eco-Complete contains live Heterotrophic bacteria to rapidly convert fish waste into natural food for your aquatic plants. It establishes a natural biological balance which makes cycling a new aquarium faster and safer. Eco-Complete is packed in Liquid Amazon buffered \"Black Water\" solution for immediate organic water conditioning. Unsurpassed macroporosity for healthy roots and bacterial efficiency. You would have to buy 4 bags of ordinary gravel to equal the surface area of this one bag of Eco-Complete Planted Aquarium Substrate!","brand":"KensFish.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":19729753833529,"sku":"BE-06-01-00771","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/00771.jpg?v=1570229955"},{"product_id":"brightwell-aquatics-florinbase-laterite-powder","title":"Brightwell Aquatics FlorinBase Laterite Powder","description":"\u003cdiv id=\"content\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"productsMain\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"product-section\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"product-editable\" class=\"product-copy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIdeal medium for use under gravel or substrates in planted freshwater aquariums. Provides long term nutrient availibility with properties similar to clay soils native to the environments where aquarium plants were orginally collected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePure and natural Laterite clay powder concentrate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePowder form provides high availability and ability to mix with other substrates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eRich in a plethora of natural minerals, particularly iron, for luscious plant growth and health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eWill not elevate pH\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTechnical Background\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIron deficiency in plants causes slow growth rates, poor color for green and red plants and overall poor health. Laterite clay is a long proven method of supplying iron in a form that is readily available to plant roots.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eInstructions \u0026amp; Guidelines\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eNormally use 15 grams (maximum 30 grams) of FlorinBase Laterite powder for every U.S. gallon (3.8 L ) of aquarium capacity. For new setups, sprinkle powder over the bottom surface of the dry aquarium prior to adding any other gravel. For best results, then add a layer of FlorinBase Laterin Substrat VF granules to completely cover the laterite. This will allow plant roots to get easy access to the laterite, while preventing clouding. Next add a layer of FlorinBase Laterin Substrat F to cover the entire surface. Do not blend this layer with the first two layers. You can now either allow the Substrat F to be your top layer or you can add whatever gravel you prefer. Note: FlorinBase Laterite powder does not require rinsing. Both Substrat VF and Substrat F should be rinsed well before using. Laterite powder can cause a temporary reddening or clouding of the aquarium water. This usually dissipates within a few hours. It is recommended that you use a saucer to pour water on to when filling the aquarium. This will prevent disturbance of the layers of Laterite and substrate. Plants also require potassium and other nutrients. It is recommended that you also use FlorinMulti, FlorinGrō and Florin Axis to provide proper nutrition to your plants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-adlets\" class=\"home-adletBar cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Brightwell Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"160 gram","offer_id":37525598634134,"sku":"BB-28-05-018697","price":6.59,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/BR_FlorinBase_LateritePowder-32oz_2017.jpg?v=1610164100"},{"product_id":"brightwell-aquatics-florinbase-laterin-subtrat-vf","title":"Brightwell Aquatics FlorinBase Laterin Subtrat VF","description":"\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIdeal medium for use under gravel or substrates in planted freshwater aquariums. Provides long term nutrient availibility with properties similar to hardened clay soils native to the environments where aquarium plants were orginally collected.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eVery fine, high porosity, kiln fired clay granules\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eDesigned to be used as a base layer just above FlorinBase Laterite powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eRich in a plethora of natural minerals, particularly iron, for luscious plant growth and health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eWill not elevate pH\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTechnical Background\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIron deficiency in plants causes slow growth rates, poor color for green and red plants and overall poor health. FlorinBase Laterin Substrat VF is ideal for planted aquariums because it stores and makes minerals available for plants.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eInstructions \u0026amp; Guidelines\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFor best results, first use FlorinBase Laterite powder as directed on its label. Then add a layer of FlorinBase Laterin Substrat VF granules, this product, to completely cover the laterite. This will allow plant roots to get easy access to the laterite, while preventing excess clouding from the laterite. Next add a layer of FlorinBase Laterin Substrat F to cover the entire surface. Do not blend this layer with the first two layers. You can now either allow the Substrat F to be your top layer or you can add whatever gravel you prefer. Note: FlorinBase Laterite powder does not require rinsing. Both Substrat VF and Substrat F should be rinsed well before using. Laterite powder can cause a temporary reddening or clouding of the aquarium water. This usually dissipates within a few hours. It is recommended that you use a saucer to pour water on to when filling the aquarium. This will prevent disturbance of the layers of Laterite and substrate. Plants also require potassium and other nutrients. It is recommended that you also use FlorinMulti, FlorinGrō and Florin Axis to provide proper nutrition to your plants.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Brightwell Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"400 gram","offer_id":37525657583766,"sku":"BB-28-05-081758","price":6.59,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 lb","offer_id":37525657616534,"sku":"BB-28-05-018789","price":17.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/BR_FlorinBase_LaterinSubstratVF-32oz_2017.jpg?v=1610164830"},{"product_id":"brightwell-aquatics-florinbase-laterin-subtrat-f","title":"Brightwell Aquatics FlorinBase Laterin Subtrat F","description":"\u003ch2 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFine High Porosity Fired Clay Base Substrate for Use in All Planted and Freshwater Shrimp Biotope Aquaria\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFine, high porosity, kiln fired clay granular substrate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eDesigned to be used as a base layer just above FlorinBase Laterin Substrat VF and FlorinBase Laterite powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eRich in a plethora of natural minerals, particularly iron, for luscious plant growth and health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eWill not elevate pH\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eRinse well before adding to the aquarium\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTechnical Background\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIron deficiency in plants causes slow growth rates, poor color for green and red plants and overall poor health. FlorinBase Laterin Substrat F is ideal for planted aquariums because it stores and makes minerals available for plants.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eInstructions \u0026amp; Guidelines\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFor best results, first use FlorinBase Laterite powder as directed on its label. Then add a layer of FlorinBase Laterin Substrat VF very fine granules to completely cover the laterite. This will allow plant roots to get easy access to the laterite, while preventing excess clouding from the laterite. Next add a layer of FlorinBase Laterin Substrat F, this product, to cover the entire surface. Do not blend this layer with the first two layers. You can now either allow the Substrat F to be your top layer or you can add whatever gravel you prefer. Note: FlorinBase Laterite powder does not require rinsing. Both Substrat VF and Substrat F should be rinsed well before using. Laterite powder can cause a temporary reddening or clouding of the aquarium water. This usually dissipates within a few hours. It is recommended that you use a saucer to pour water on to when filling the aquarium. This will prevent disturbance of the layers of Laterite and substrate. Plants also require potassium and other nutrients. It is recommended that you also use FlorinMulti, FlorinGrō and Florin Axis to provide proper nutrition to your plants.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Brightwell Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"5 lb","offer_id":37531949891734,"sku":"BF-23-02-018833","price":18.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/018833.jpg?v=1610235587"},{"product_id":"brightwell-aquatics-florinvolcanit-rio-escuro-xf-extra-fine","title":"Brightwell Aquatics FlorinVolcanit Rio Escuro XF Extra Fine Black","description":"\u003cdiv id=\"overviewTech\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-overview\" class=\"overviewCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eNatural volcanic ash with beneficial properties for aquatic plant growth and long-term care of fishes and motile invertebrates requiring slightly-acidic, low-GH water conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIdeal for use as a substrate in shrimp biotope aquaria.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eBinds elements that contribute to hardness, lowering GH and resulting in a slight acidification of alkaline water to a pH of less than 7.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eUsed as a primary substrate, forms the basis of a stable growth medium for rooted\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eaquatic plants by:\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e1. Permitting development of strong root systems.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2. Encouraging nutrient-uptake through roots via increased interstitial water circulation (relative to higher-density substrata) and acidic pH environment.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3. Allowing roots to remain sufficiently oxygenated to maintain plant health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"techBackground\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-tech\" class=\"techCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTechnical Background\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn forested and low-relief riverine habitats, nutrient concentrations in the water column, itself, tend to be poor, the bulk of the nutrient pool existing within the substrate composing the river bottom; these nutrients are present primarily as a result of the continuous deposition of mineral- and organic-rich sediment being carried from upstream and from run-off. Water chemistry in such riverine habitats tends to be slightly- to moderately-acidic, and generally low in concentrations of the elements that contribute to general hardness (\"GH\"). Plants endemic to these habitats, which constitute the majority of species commonly maintained in planted aquaria, obtain a considerable percentage of their nutrient requirements through their roots; it is therefore sensible to utilize a growth medium in planted aquaria that facilitates delivery of nutrients to the roots, themselves, as doing so encourages strong root growth and long-term plant health. Maintaining plants, fishes, and motile invertebrates (such as the various species of shrimp that are maintained in biotope aquaria and as algal grazers) endemic to these habitats in water chemistry conditions, specifically in terms of pH and mineral content, similar to those that they have evolved in is also sensible, and is likely to have a positive impact on their collective health. FlorinVolcanīt Rio Escuro-XF is a natural volcanic ash that has been formed into particles resembling oblong beads. The beads, themselves, are firm yet pliable, and are sufficiently durable to retain their shape for one or more years, depending upon the specific water chemistry in the system (a tendency towards alkaline water causes the material to deteriorate more rapidly than when maintained in water with lower initial alkalinity). Rio Escuro-XF gradually lowers GH and pH to create conditions conducive to long-term husbandry of plants, fishes, and invertebrates endemic to most rainforest streams, rivers, and pools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"techDirections\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-dir\" class=\"directionsCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eInstructions and Guidelines\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn general, no rinsing of Rio Escuro-XF prior to placement in a new aquarium system is required; because this is a natural material, it is possible that small pieces of wood may be present in the package. Consult an appropriate reference source for specific plant substrate depth requirements and proceed accordingly. Ensure that aquarium is clean and empty (addition to an aquarium filled with water will cause temporary cloudiness). Add Rio Escuro-XF to desired substrate depth; if desired, the substrate can be sloped from front to back. Mineral sand can be used to enhance the appearance of the layout if desired. Prepare a sufficient volume of water (to fill the system) by adjusting to proper pH, alkalinity, and hardness values. Slowly (without unduly disturbing the substrate) add sufficient water to the aquarium to barely cover the substrate, then commence planting and when finished (again) slowly fill aquarium to desired depth with remaining water. Due to the semi-open structure of the substrate bed and the resultantly enhanced water diffusion properties throughout, it is possible to utilize liquid supplements and microbial suspensions, instead of particulate products, for maximum control of water chemistry and best results. The fastest means of inoculating the bed with beneficial microbes is to employ FlorinBacter per the recommended instructions. Other Florin supplements can be employed as required. With time, the neutralizing capacity of Rio Escuro-XF will decrease and the substrate can be replaced at this time if desired. Use of alkaline buffers and pH-increasing substances will hasten deterioration of substrate. Do not use with undergravel filtration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCaution\u003c\/strong\u003e: Keep out of reach of children; discard empty bag to prevent choking hazard.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Brightwell Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"15 lb","offer_id":37532105015446,"sku":"BF-32-01-015788","price":50.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5 lb","offer_id":37532104982678,"sku":"BF-32-02-015771","price":22.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/015771_aef3f4cb-f6da-4b65-a15e-9bb0c1a4fa6d.jpg?v=1610236278"},{"product_id":"brightwell-aquatics-florinvolcanit-rio-escuro-f-fine-black","title":"Brightwell Aquatics FlorinVolcanit Rio Escuro F Fine Black","description":"\u003cdiv id=\"overviewTech\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-overview\" class=\"overviewCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eNatural volcanic ash with beneficial properties for aquatic plant growth and long-term care of fishes and motile invertebrates requiring slightly-acidic, low-GH water conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIdeal for use as a substrate in shrimp biotope aquaria.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eBinds elements that contribute to hardness, lowering GH and resulting in a slight\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eacidification of alkaline water to a pH of less than 7.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eUsed as a primary substrate, forms the basis of a stable growth medium for rooted\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eaquatic plants by:\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e1. Permitting development of strong root systems.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2. Encouraging nutrient-uptake through roots via increased interstitial water circulation\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(relative to higher-density substrata) and acidic pH environment.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3. Allowing roots to remain sufficiently oxygenated to maintain plant health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"techBackground\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-tech\" class=\"techCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTechnical Background\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn forested and low-relief riverine habitats, nutrient concentrations in the water column, itself, tend to be poor, the bulk of the nutrient pool existing within the substrate composing the river bottom; these nutrients are present primarily as a result of the continuous deposition of mineral- and organic-rich sediment being carried from upstream and from run-off. Water chemistry in such riverine habitats tends to be slightly- to moderately-acidic, and generally low in concentrations of the elements that contribute to general hardness (\"GH\"). Plants endemic to these habitats, which constitute the majority of species commonly maintained in planted aquaria, obtain a considerable percentage of their nutrient requirements through their roots; it is therefore sensible to utilize a growth medium in planted aquaria that facilitates delivery of nutrients to the roots, themselves, as doing so encourages strong root growth and long-term plant health. Maintaining plants, fishes, and motile invertebrates (such as the various species of shrimp that are maintained in biotope aquaria and as algal grazers) endemic to these habitats in water chemistry conditions, specifically in terms of pH and mineral content, similar to those that they have evolved in is also sensible, and is likely to have a positive impact on their collective health. FlorinVolcanīt Rio Escuro-F is a natural volcanic ash that has been formed into particles resembling oblong beads. The beads, themselves, are firm yet pliable, and are sufficiently durable to retain their shape for one or more years, depending upon the specific water chemistry in the system (a tendency towards alkaline water causes the material to deteriorate more rapidly than when maintained in water with lower initial alkalinity). Rio Escuro-F gradually lowers GH and pH to create conditions conducive to long-term husbandry of plants, fishes, and invertebrates endemic to most rainforest streams, rivers, and pools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"techDirections\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-dir\" class=\"directionsCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eInstructions and Guidelines\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn general, no rinsing of Rio Escuro-F prior to placement in a new aquarium system is required; because this is a natural material, it is possible that small pieces of wood may be present in the package. Consult an appropriate reference source for specific plant substrate depth requirements and proceed accordingly. Ensure that aquarium is clean and empty (addition to an aquarium filled with water will cause temporary cloudiness). Add Rio Escuro-F to desired substrate depth; if desired, the substrate can be sloped from front to back. Mineral sand can be used to enhance the appearance of the layout if desired. Prepare a sufficient volume of water (to fill the system) by adjusting to proper pH, alkalinity, and hardness values. Slowly (without unduly disturbing the substrate) add sufficient water to the aquarium to barely cover the substrate, then commence planting and when finished (again) slowly fill aquarium to desired depth with remaining water. Due to the semi-open structure of the substrate bed and the resultantly enhanced water diffusion properties throughout, it is possible to utilize liquid supplements and microbial suspensions, instead of particulate products, for maximum control of water chemistry and best results. The fastest means of inoculating the bed with beneficial microbes is to employ FlorinBacter per the recommended instructions. Other Florin supplements can be employed as required. With time, the neutralizing capacity of Rio Escuro-F will decrease and the substrate can be replaced at this time if desired. Use of alkaline buffers and pH-increasing substances will hasten deterioration of substrate. Do not use with undergravel filtration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCaution\u003c\/strong\u003e: Keep out of reach of children; discard empty bag to prevent choking hazard.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Brightwell Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"5 lb","offer_id":37532327379094,"sku":"BF-23-02-015597","price":22.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15 lb","offer_id":37532327411862,"sku":"BF-23-01-015603","price":50.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/015597_60b5ac7b-112f-4f8a-affd-daacf8ca6d92.jpg?v=1610239242"},{"product_id":"brightwell-aquatics-florinvolcanit-rio-cafe-xf-extra-fine-brown","title":"Brightwell Aquatics FlorinVolcanit Rio Cafe XF Extra Fine Brown","description":"\u003cdiv id=\"overviewTech\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-overview\" class=\"overviewCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eNatural volcanic ash with beneficial properties for aquatic plant growth and long-term care of fishes and motile invertebrates requiring slightly-acidic, low-GH water conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIdeal for use as a substrate in shrimp biotope aquaria.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eBinds elements that contribute to hardness, lowering GH and resulting in a slight\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eacidification of alkaline water to a pH of less than 7.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eUsed as a primary substrate, forms the basis of a stable growth medium for rooted\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eaquatic plants by:\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e1. Permitting development of strong root systems.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2. Encouraging nutrient-uptake through roots via increased interstitial water circulation (relative to higher-density substrata) and acidic pH environment.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3. Allowing roots to remain sufficiently oxygenated to maintain plant health\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"techBackground\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-tech\" class=\"techCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTechnical Background\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn forested and low-relief riverine habitats, nutrient concentrations in the water column, itself, tend to be poor, the bulk of the nutrient pool existing within the substrate composing the river bottom; these nutrients are present primarily as a result of the continuous deposition of mineral- and organic-rich sediment being carried from upstream and from run-off. Water chemistry in such riverine habitats tends to be slightly- to moderately-acidic, and generally low in concentrations of the elements that contribute to general hardness (\"GH\"). Plants endemic to these habitats, which constitute the majority of species commonly maintained in planted aquaria, obtain a considerable percentage of their nutrient requirements through their roots; it is therefore sensible to utilize a growth medium in planted aquaria that facilitates delivery of nutrients to the roots, themselves, as doing so encourages strong root growth and long-term plant health. Maintaining plants, fishes, and motile invertebrates (such as the various species of shrimp that are maintained in biotope aquaria and as algal grazers) endemic to these habitats in water chemistry conditions, specifically in terms of pH and mineral content, similar to those that they have evolved in is also sensible, and is likely to have a positive impact on their collective health. FlorinVolcanīt Rio Café-XF is a natural volcanic ash that has been formed into particles resembling oblong beads. The beads, themselves, are firm yet pliable, and are sufficiently durable to retain their shape for one or more years, depending upon the specific water chemistry in the system (a tendency towards alkaline water causes the material to deteriorate more rapidly than when maintained in water with lower initial alkalinity). Rio Café-XF gradually lowers GH and pH to create conditions conducive to long-term husbandry of plants, fishes, and invertebrates endemic to most rainforest streams, rivers, and pools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"techDirections\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-dir\" class=\"directionsCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eInstructions and Guidelines\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn general, no rinsing of Rio Café-XF prior to placement in a new aquarium system is required; because this is a natural material, it is possible that small pieces of wood may be present in the package. Consult an appropriate reference source for specific plant substrate depth requirements and proceed accordingly. Ensure that aquarium is clean and empty (addition to an aquarium filled with water will cause temporary cloudiness). Add Rio Café-XF to desired substrate depth; if desired, the substrate can be sloped from front to back. Mineral sand can be used to enhance the appearance of the layout if desired. Prepare a sufficient volume of water (to fill the system) by adjusting to proper pH, alkalinity, and hardness values. Slowly (without unduly disturbing the substrate) add sufficient water to the aquarium to barely cover the substrate, then commence planting and when finished (again) slowly fill aquarium to desired depth with remaining water. Due to the semi-open structure of the substrate bed and the resultantly enhanced water diffusion properties throughout, it is possible to utilize liquid supplements and microbial suspensions, instead of particulate products, for maximum control of water chemistry and best results. The fastest means of inoculating the bed with beneficial microbes is to employ FlorinBacter per the recommended instructions. Other Florin supplements can be employed as required. With time, the neutralizing capacity of Rio Café-XF will decrease and the substrate can be replaced at this time if desired. Use of alkaline buffers and pH-increasing substances will hasten deterioration of substrate. Do not use with undergravel filtration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCaution\u003c\/strong\u003e: Keep out of reach of children; discard empty bag to prevent choking hazard.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Brightwell Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"5 lb","offer_id":37532363128982,"sku":"BF-23-02-015733","price":22.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"15 lb","offer_id":37532363161750,"sku":"BF-23-01-015740","price":50.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/Brightwell_FV-RioCafe-XF.jpg?v=1610239834"},{"product_id":"brightwell-aquatics-florinvolcanit-rio-cafe-f-fine-brown","title":"Brightwell Aquatics FlorinVolcanit Rio Cafe F Fine Brown","description":"\u003cdiv id=\"overviewTech\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-overview\" class=\"overviewCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eNatural volcanic ash with beneficial properties for aquatic plant growth and long-term care of fishes and motile invertebrates requiring slightly-acidic, low-GH water conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIdeal for use as a substrate in shrimp biotope aquaria.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eBinds elements that contribute to hardness, lowering GH and resulting in a slight\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eacidification of alkaline water to a pH of less than 7.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eUsed as a primary substrate, forms the basis of a stable growth medium for rooted\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eaquatic plants by:\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e1. Permitting development of strong root systems.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2. Encouraging nutrient-uptake through roots via increased interstitial water circulation\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e(relative to higher-density substrata) and acidic pH environment.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3. Allowing roots to remain sufficiently oxygenated to maintain plant health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"techBackground\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-tech\" class=\"techCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTechnical Background\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn forested and low-relief riverine habitats, nutrient concentrations in the water column, itself, tend to be poor, the bulk of the nutrient pool existing within the substrate composing the river bottom; these nutrients are present primarily as a result of the continuous deposition of mineral- and organic-rich sediment being carried from upstream and from run-off. Water chemistry in such riverine habitats tends to be slightly- to moderately-acidic, and generally low in concentrations of the elements that contribute to general hardness (\"GH\"). Plants endemic to these habitats, which constitute the majority of species commonly maintained in planted aquaria, obtain a considerable percentage of their nutrient requirements through their roots; it is therefore sensible to utilize a growth medium in planted aquaria that facilitates delivery of nutrients to the roots, themselves, as doing so encourages strong root growth and long-term plant health. Maintaining plants, fishes, and motile invertebrates (such as the various species of shrimp that are maintained in biotope aquaria and as algal grazers) endemic to these habitats in water chemistry conditions, specifically in terms of pH and mineral content, similar to those that they have evolved in is also sensible, and is likely to have a positive impact on their collective health. FlorinVolcanīt Rio Café-F is a natural volcanic ash that has been formed into particles resembling oblong beads. The beads, themselves, are firm yet pliable, and are sufficiently durable to retain their shape for one or more years, depending upon the specific water chemistry in the system (a tendency towards alkaline water causes the material to deteriorate more rapidly than when maintained in water with lower initial alkalinity). Rio Café-F gradually lowers GH and pH to create conditions conducive to long-term husbandry of plants, fishes, and invertebrates endemic to most rainforest streams, rivers, and pools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"techDirections\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"edit-dir\" class=\"directionsCopy cms-editable\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eInstructions and Guidelines\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn general, no rinsing of Rio Café-F prior to placement in a new aquarium system is required; because this is a natural material, it is possible that small pieces of wood may be present in the package. Consult an appropriate reference source for specific plant substrate depth requirements and proceed accordingly. Ensure that aquarium is clean and empty (addition to an aquarium filled with water will cause temporary cloudiness). Add Rio Café-F to desired substrate depth; if desired, the substrate can be sloped from front to back. Mineral sand can be used to enhance the appearance of the layout if desired. Prepare a sufficient volume of water (to fill the system) by adjusting to proper pH, alkalinity, and hardness values. Slowly (without unduly disturbing the substrate) add sufficient water to the aquarium to barely cover the substrate, then commence planting and when finished (again) slowly fill aquarium to desired depth with remaining water. Due to the semi-open structure of the substrate bed and the resultantly enhanced water diffusion properties throughout, it is possible to utilize liquid supplements and microbial suspensions, instead of particulate products, for maximum control of water chemistry and best results. The fastest means of inoculating the bed with beneficial microbes is to employ FlorinBacter per the recommended instructions. Other Florin supplements can be employed as required. With time, the neutralizing capacity of Rio Café-F will decrease and the substrate can be replaced at this time if desired. Use of alkaline buffers and pH-increasing substances will hasten deterioration of substrate. Do not use with undergravel filtration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCaution\u003c\/strong\u003e: Keep out of reach of children; discard empty bag to prevent choking hazard.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Brightwell Aquatics","offers":[{"title":"5 lb","offer_id":37532405334166,"sku":"BF-23-02-015511","price":22.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15 lb","offer_id":37532405366934,"sku":"BF-23-01-015528","price":50.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/015511.jpg?v=1610240739"},{"product_id":"fluval-bio-stratum","title":"Fluval Bio Stratum","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStratum has fast become the top substrate choice of planted aquarium enthusiasts worldwide. Collected from the mineral-rich foothills of Japan’s famous Mount Aso volcano, Stratum contains a powerful mix of nutrients and minerals to stimulate growth for a wide variety of freshwater aquatic plants, while helping to maintain ideal water conditions for their overall health.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cul data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eContains powerful mix of nutrients, minerals and trace elements exclusively available to plants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePromotes healthy plant development, vigorous growth and vibrant colors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eLightweight granules facilitate strong root development and provide easy access to nutrients locked within them\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports a neutral to slightly acidic pH – ideal for live plants as well as tropical fish and shrimp commonly kept in planted aquariums\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSoftens water naturally, reducing carbonate hardness (regular KH testing is recommended)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWill not stain water and helps control organic discoloration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Fluval","offers":[{"title":"4.4 lb.","offer_id":45652971028697,"sku":"BJ-19-04-126960","price":16.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"8.8 lb.","offer_id":42965965242585,"sku":"BD-31-01-126977","price":30.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"17.6 lb.","offer_id":42965965275353,"sku":"BD-31-01-126984","price":52.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/products\/Fluval-12697-BioStratum-2kg-2F-International.jpg?v=1655558844"},{"product_id":"seachem-flourite-sand-15-4-lb","title":"Seachem Flourite Planted Aquarium Sand","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFlourite Sand is a specially fracted stable porous clay gravel for the natural planted aquarium. Its appearance is best suited to planted aquaria, but may be used in any freshwater aquarium environment. Flourite Sand is most effective when used alone as an integral substrate bed, but it may be mixed with other gravels. Gravel modifiers such as laterite are not necessary. Flourite Sand is not chemically coated or treated and will not alter the pH of the water. Flourite Sand is good for the life of the aquarium and need not be replaced.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough it is pre-washed, because Flourite Sand is a natural product, it may become dusty in transit and require rinsing before use to remove any residual dust.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen adding water to aquarium, fill slowly to avoid disturbing Flourite Sand substrate bed. Place a bowl in the aquarium and add water directly to the bowl, allowing water to overflow softly on to the gravel bed. Initial cloudiness is normal. To remove cloudiness, use mechanical filtration (such as filter floss).\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Seachem","offers":[{"title":"7.7 lb. Bag","offer_id":46559460884697,"sku":"BG-15-04-351300","price":13.69,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"15.4 lb. 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A depth of 3 inches (7.62cm) is ideal for best results.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Activ-Flora","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46475089969369,"sku":"BH-23-04-812014-P","price":30.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/812714.jpg?v=1742169161"},{"product_id":"activ-flora-floracor-premium-planted-aquarium-gravel-red","title":"Activ-Flora Floracor Premium Planted Aquarium Gravel Red 16 lb.","description":"\u003cp\u003e•Bio-activ Nutirents for faster, healthier plants growth\u003cbr\u003e•100% Natural - does not contain artificial dyes or additives\u003cbr\u003e•Will not alter pH in your Planted Aquarium\u003cbr\u003e•Naturally Spherical grains promotes maximum diffusion\u003cbr\u003e•Activ-Flora is rich in Iron, no need for laterite\u003cbr\u003e•Non Toxic Colored Pigments\u003cbr\u003e•Creates a unique and colorful environment\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecommended Use:\u003cbr\u003e•2lbs (1kg) of Activ-Flora Bio-Activ Nutrient-Enriched Substrate for each gallon (3.78 liter) of water. A depth of 3 inches (7.62cm) is ideal for best results.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Activ-Flora","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46475108974809,"sku":"BH-23-04-812212-P","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/812212.jpg?v=1742170202"},{"product_id":"activ-flora-floracor-premium-planted-aquarium-gravel-black-16-lb","title":"Activ-Flora Floracor Premium Planted Aquarium Gravel Black 16 lb.","description":"\u003cp\u003e•Bio-activ Nutirents for faster, healthier plants growth\u003cbr\u003e•100% Natural - does not contain artificial dyes or additives\u003cbr\u003e•Will not alter pH in your Planted Aquarium\u003cbr\u003e•Naturally Spherical grains promotes maximum diffusion\u003cbr\u003e•Activ-Flora is rich in Iron, no need for laterite\u003cbr\u003e•Non Toxic Colored Pigments\u003cbr\u003e•Creates a unique and colorful environment\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecommended Use:\u003cbr\u003e•2lbs (1kg) of Activ-Flora Bio-Activ Nutrient-Enriched Substrate for each gallon (3.78 liter) of water. A depth of 3 inches (7.62cm) is ideal for best results.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Activ-Flora","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46475120705753,"sku":"BH-23-04-812113-P","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/812113.jpg?v=1742170702"},{"product_id":"activ-flora-floragems-premium-planted-aquarium-gravel-20-lb","title":"Activ-Flora Floragems Premium Planted Aquarium Gravel 20 lb.","description":"\u003cp\u003e•Bio-activ Nutirents for faster, healthier plants growth\u003cbr\u003e•100% Natural - does not contain artificial dyes or additives\u003cbr\u003e•Will not alter pH in your Planted Aquarium\u003cbr\u003e•Naturally Spherical grains promotes maximum diffusion\u003cbr\u003e•Activ-Flora is rich in Iron, no need for laterite\u003cbr\u003e•Non Toxic Colored Pigments\u003cbr\u003e•Creates a unique and colorful environment\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecommended Use:\u003cbr\u003e•2lbs (1kg) of Activ-Flora Bio-Activ Nutrient-Enriched Substrate for each gallon (3.78 liter) of water. A depth of 3 inches (7.62cm) is ideal for best results.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Activ-Flora","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46475133649113,"sku":"BH-23-04-812311-P","price":30.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/812311.jpg?v=1742171127"},{"product_id":"activ-flora-lake-gems-premium-planted-aquarium-gravel-20-lb","title":"Activ-Flora Lake Gems Premium Planted Aquarium Gravel 20 lb.","description":"\u003cp\u003e•Bio-activ Nutirents for faster, healthier plants growth\u003cbr\u003e•100% Natural - does not contain artificial dyes or additives\u003cbr\u003e•Will not alter pH in your Planted Aquarium\u003cbr\u003e•Naturally Spherical grains promotes maximum diffusion\u003cbr\u003e•Activ-Flora is rich in Iron, no need for laterite\u003cbr\u003e•Non Toxic Colored Pigments\u003cbr\u003e•Creates a unique and colorful environment\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecommended Use:\u003cbr\u003e•2lbs (1kg) of Activ-Flora Bio-Activ Nutrient-Enriched Substrate for each gallon (3.78 liter) of water. 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Onyx Sand is not chemically coated or treated, and as a carbonate rich sand, it has a slight buffering capacity that may raise pH by 0.1 - 0.5 pH units (depending on source water characteristics). Onyx Sand™ is good for the life of the aquarium and need not be replaced.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Seachem","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46559518720217,"sku":"BG-15-04-350303","price":12.49,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/3503-Onyx-Sand-3.5-kg.png?v=1744742618"},{"product_id":"caribsea-dragon-stone-peaks-freshwater-rocks-medium","title":"CaribSea Dragon Stone Peaks Freshwater Rocks Medium","description":"\u003cp\u003eDragon Stone Peaks make freshwater scaping easier than ever! 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Controsands can be used alone or in combination, layered to create different scapes. Bora is a white fine natural sand containing a mixture of lighter tones that is perfect for highlighting vibrant aquatic plants, tropical livestock and darker layout materials. Bora is ideal for a wide variety of popular aqua scaping styles.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"UN Systems","offers":[{"title":"3 liter","offer_id":48792535072985,"sku":"BJ-21-03-573918","price":18.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"8 liter","offer_id":48792535105753,"sku":"BJ-21-03-573925","price":38.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/91214.jpg?v=1781013111"},{"product_id":"uns-controsand-mojave-sand","title":"UNS Controsand Mojave Sand","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDesigned for planted aquariums and aqua scaping, Controsand by Ultum Nature Systems is a natural substrate blended for freshwater aquariums and terrariums, Controsand is safe for fish\/invertebrates\/reptiles. Controsands can be used alone or in combination, layered to create different scapes. Mojave is an orangey brown fine natural sand containing a mixture of warmer tones. Mojave provides a subtle effect that is ideal for creating natural scenes. Recommended for use in planted aquariums containing Dragon Stone and all driftwoods.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"UN Systems","offers":[{"title":"3 liter","offer_id":48792619122905,"sku":"BJ-21-03-573932","price":18.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"8 liter","offer_id":48792619155673,"sku":"BJ-21-03-573949","price":38.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/91213.jpg?v=1781014011"},{"product_id":"caribsea-pyroflora-volcanic-substrate-for-plants-shrimp-6-lb","title":"CaribSea PyroFlora Volcanic Substrate for Plants \u0026 Shrimp 6 lb.","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePyroFlora Volcanic Substrate is the ideal soil for planted and fresahwater shrimp aquariums. 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Placed as a base layer fertilizing substrate beneath Aqua Soil for planted aquariums, Controbase stabilizes fish tank substrate slopes, prevents aquarium soil from clouding the water, and enhances root development in nutrient-demanding aquatic plants. Controbase ensures better water flow and oxygenation, allowing beneficial bacteria to flourish. Nutrient-rich substrate for planted aquarium infused with slow-releasing nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and trace minerals.. Aquarium gravel substrate continuously supports aquatic plant growth and root feeding while regulating excess nutrients. Whether youre creating natural slopes or structured layouts, Controbase nutrient rich substrate for aquarium plants provides the ideal support layer for a healthy, long-lasting planted tank.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch5 class=\"vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading\"\u003eFor convenience, Controbase comes pre-bagged in mesh filter bags for easy removal and reusability. Additionally, the bags can be stacked to create varying substrate slopes, allowing for unique aquascaping layouts.\u003c\/h5\u003e","brand":"UN Systems","offers":[{"title":"2 liter","offer_id":49168834298073,"sku":"BJ-21-04-784018","price":18.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"8 liter","offer_id":49168834330841,"sku":"BJ-21-03-784490","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/91425.jpg?v=1788096272"},{"product_id":"uns-controsand-maui-sand","title":"UNS Controsand Maui Sand","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDesgined for planted aquariums and aquascaping, Controsand by Ultum Nature Systems is a natural substrate blended for freshwater aquariums and terrariums, Controsand is safe for fish\/invertabrates\/reptiles. Controsands can be used alone or in combonation, layered to create different scapes. Cooler in tone and will pair perfectly with stones such as Seiryu and will also provide a neutral contrast to darker rocks.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"UN Systems","offers":[{"title":"3 liter","offer_id":49168909861081,"sku":"BJ-21-04-578579","price":18.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"8 liter","offer_id":49168909893849,"sku":"BJ-21-03-578586","price":38.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/578579.jpg?v=1788097319"},{"product_id":"uns-controsand-morocco-sand","title":"UNS Controsand Morocco Sand","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDesgined for planted aquariums and aquascaping, Controsand by Ultum Nature Systems is a natural substrate blended for freshwater aquariums and terrariums, Controsand is safe for fish\/invertabrates\/reptiles. Controsands can be used alone or in combonation, layered to create different scapes. A perfect balance of earthy hues, this red palette is a great complimentary sand to darker driftwoods.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"UN Systems","offers":[{"title":"3 liter","offer_id":49168983687385,"sku":"BJ-21-04-578531","price":18.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"8 liter","offer_id":49168983720153,"sku":"BJ-21-03-578548","price":38.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/578531.jpg?v=1788100303"},{"product_id":"uns-controsand-pacifica-sand","title":"UNS Controsand Pacifica Sand","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDesgined for planted aquariums and aquascaping, Controsand by Ultum Nature Systems is a natural substrate blended for freshwater aquariums and terrariums, Controsand is safe for fish\/invertabrates\/reptiles. Controsands can be used alone or in combonation, layered to create different scapes. Delivers deep burgundy reddish tones. 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Monterey can be used alone or paired with a fine natural sand to create a customized blend. Monterey is ideal for adding extra detail and for aquariums that require larger granules.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"UN Systems","offers":[{"title":"3 liter","offer_id":49169062985945,"sku":"BJ-21-04-573956","price":19.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"8 liter","offer_id":49169063018713,"sku":"BJ-21-03-573963","price":42.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0104\/4634\/0153\/files\/573956.jpg?v=1788101467"},{"product_id":"uns-controsand-tahoe-gravel","title":"UNS Controsand Tahoe Gravel","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDesgined for planted aquariums and aquascaping, Controsand by Ultum Nature Systems is a natural substrate blended for freshwater aquariums and terrariums, Controsand is safe for fish\/invertabrates\/reptiles. 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